Technology and Innovation

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Two decarbonation specialists were interviewed in February 2024 to find out their analysis of current and future technical and industrial transformations in decarbonisation. What is the strategy of France’s major industrial groups in this area? Are current technologies reliable? Decarbonisation implies the electrification of industrial processes. But how can we produce “green” electricity, since to produce energy, we need energy? What technologies are currently in use and what are the future prospects? Is it possible to decarbonize industry, without calling into question the industrial model that has been gradually built up since the Industrial Revolution?

Our study focuses on the parliamentary debates on the » climate and resilience » bill, which intends to reduce the carbon footprint. It aims to describe and analyse the various symbolic devices, the ideological references mobilised by parliamentarians, and the arguments developped in relation to the government’s for decarbonisation in the context of this bill, by focusing our study on the general discussion. The political right and the government majority structure their discourse around liberal thinking based on economic efficiency, décentralisation and the acceptability of measures. The political far right is developping a nationalist conception of ecology based on ancestral localism. On the political left, we find a conception of ecology centred on the idea of social justice, although with variable geometry. Behind the unaminity in the face of the climate emergency, there are in fact significant differences in the conceptions of decarbonisation of the different parliamentary groups.

How can students be trained in collaborative management? This research question guided the construction of the teaching system presented below. Starting with the implementation of an innovative edutainment experiment, this proposal invites students to construct a theory through a game. Three theoretical foundations provided a basis for this work: collaborative management learning, cooperative games and the use of visual thinking. 23 students in their 2nd year of a Project Management Master tested the ‘Connec’ Team’ cooperative game before writing up their feedback, leading to the construction of a managerial theory presented in the form of a sketchnote. The participants’ feedback highlights the value of edutainment in learning about collaborative management through the use of a game. Reflective and theorising work was facilitated by the use of teaching techniques that break down barriers that are usually inhibiting for students, in particular the writing of an abstract text.

French students in the Management Control and Performance Management (CG2P) course of the University Bachelor of Technology (BUT) of the speciality Business Organisation & Management (GEA) are often focused on obtaining quantitative results, i.e. essentially carrying out calculations and applying formulas, which limits their understanding of the managerial and economic concepts being worked on. To correct this shortcoming, a role-playing game (RPG) learning approach applied to a case study in management control is presented. This pedagogical method engages students by immersing them in practical scenarios that require them to mobilize management control concepts. The aim is to show how JDR can transform “academic” learning into skills through a scripted management simulation. The paper details the organization of a JDR session where students play the role of consultants, using a game built on the basis of an exam annal (French Accounting and Management Diploma - 2011). In a dynamic, interactive context, students are encouraged to apply theory and analysis to reinforce quantitative aspects, thus fostering commitment, collaboration and autonomous learning. The results of this experience are positive, with the majority of students reporting a better understanding of management control concepts, increased commitment and support for teamwork. However, a few points of attention stand out, such as the complexity of the scenarios and workload management.

Depuis plusieurs décennies, la croissance exponentielle de l’utilisation du carbone fossile a entraîné des perturbations climatiques considérables. Pour atténuer le changement climatique, toutes les utilisations de carbone fossile vierge doivent être supprimées de toute urgence. De nombreux moyens de transport et processus industriels peuvent facilement être électrifiés et devraient l’être dans la mesure du possible. Mais certains secteurs comme la chimie, les matériaux (par exemple la chaux et l’acier), l’aviation et le transport maritime continueront à utiliser du carbone et le carbone fossile vierge utilisé aujourd’hui devra être remplacé pour atteindre les objectifs de neutralité climatique. L’utilisation du CO2 pour remplacer le carbone fossile dans les secteurs qui auront encore besoin d’hydrocarbures est une solution clé pour "défossiliser" notre économie. Le concept de captage et d’utilisation du carbone (CCU) est un terme général qui couvre les processus de captage du CO2 dans les fumées et les gaz de traitement ou directement dans l’air et sa conversion en divers produits tels que des combustibles, des produits chimiques et des matériaux. Il n’existe à ce jour aucune estimation globale précise du rôle potentiel d’atténuation des technologies CCU, en raison des incertitudes liées aux scénarios de coûts de l’électricité renouvelable et de la faible granularité des modèles qui simulent les différentes options CCU. Cependant, les technologies CCU peuvent jouer un rôle important dans l’atténuation du changement climatique, comme le décrit le dernier rapport du groupe de travail 3 du Groupe d’experts intergouvernemental sur l’évolution du climat (GIEC).

This text analyzes the challenges and prospects associated with the theme of the special issue "Industrial Renewal and Innovation" of the journal "Technology and Innovation". After explaining the relevance of the research in this field, it presents an overview of the articles included in the issue.

This contribution questions the dynamics of the aerospace and defense (A&D) industries by identifying the main factors acting on innovation. Based on the model developed by [BAR 19] and [BAR 20], the research examines the dynamics of defense innovations incorporating components from Artificial Intelligence (AI) research. Considered as a General Purpose Technology (GPT; [BRE 96]), AI and its multiple applications have a significant impact on current and future military capabilities, and constitute relevant empirical material for understanding how innovation operates in the A&D industries.

New Space designates the emergence of an economic system in the space sector in which more and more private actors are called upon to participate. Science fiction has been offering representations of the companies of space capitalism for several years. This article studies some of them, such as the films Space Sweepers, Venom, or the Salvation series, and shows that the figure of the New Space billionaire arouses both fascination and rejection. While these fictions are inspired by real characters like Elon Musk, they also influence the general public and the actors of the space sector. These stories are at the center of strategic and soft power issues. It is suggested that Europe should equip itself with an effective and performative system for creating space science fiction stories in order to optimize the creativity of its future entrepreneurs. Indeed, these stories often offer a reflection on the ethics of space conquest and imagine technologies that could become major innovations in the future.

After a first long phase of governmental and scientific development, the space sector has been shaken up by new approaches during the 2000s, grouped under the generic term "New Space". Through the study of the evolution of this ecosystem, this academic work proposes a characterization of the New Space, considered as a set of disruptions composed of new entrants, new applications, new technologies, new regulations, new processes, and new modes of financing. But, beyond that, it emphasizes that these disruptions are fed by their interaction and interdependence. Finally, this richness of the New Space leads us to identify the numerous implications for the economic and management sciences, whether in terms of research programs or teaching.

The proliferation of patent litigation is indicative of the tension that exists between, on the one hand, the need to ensure interoperability and compatibility between a product’s components and, on the other, respect for intellectual property (IP) rights. In this article, we show that this tension is not new. Patent "wars" have historically been associated with disruptive innovations, and reflect the growing importance of business models based on the valorization of IP. While recognizing the sometimes deleterious effects of the litigation dynamic, litigation can be seen as a means of ex-post adjusting the scope of rights conferred by IP.