Technology and Innovation

TechInn - ISSN 2399-8571 - © ISTE Ltd

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In Cuba, the aim is to guarantee pork production in large-scale intensive systems by seeking efficient and safe alternatives for consumers and the environment. Prebiotics and probiotics are among the most widely used and harmless options. This research aimed to contribute to the introduction of efficient microorganism (EM) technology in pig farming at the Carnes D’Tres SME through a process of technological innovation. EM produced both inside and outside the province of Ciego de Ávila were evaluated from technical, economic, and logistical perspectives, and the effectiveness of EM as a feed additive in the diet of fattening pigs was assessed. According to the technical, economic and logistical feasibility study, it is cheaper, more practical and safer to purchase RH-Vigía EM in its solid phase and manufacture the liquid and stabilised phases on the farm than to purchase any of the other EM in their stabilised liquid phase. Adding EM to pig feed also had a positive effect, particularly during the initial weeks of fattening. It reduced morbidity, increased the live weight of the group and lowered feed costs per unit of weight gained compared to animals whose diet did not include the bioproduct.

This article offers a critical analysis of how the concept of innovation is used in the French naval defense sector. Drawing on qualitative research conducted among engineers, sailors, and institutional decision-makers, it highlights the ambivalence of the term: at once an instrument of institutional legitimation and a performative category that orients action. Innovation here is embedded in power dynamics, revealing a divide between “top-down” innovations driven by the state and industry, and “bottom-up” innovations emerging from the field. Two visions are thus opposed: one that values technological rupture, complexity, and long-term projection, and another that prioritizes adaptability, simplicity, and practical mastery of equipment. This tension reshapes skills, roles, and professional hierarchies, while raising a central question: who actually holds the power to innovate within the Navy? Although open innovation promotes broad participation, the actual influence of frontline personnel on major strategic orientations remains limited. Far from being a neutral concept, innovation functions as an analyzer of political relations, structuring the dynamics between institutional elites and operational actors. The analysis reveals a growing sense of dispossession of operational know-how in favor of central stakeholders who possess the capacity to envision the future. Innovation thus becomes a lever for redistributing symbolic power in the making of organizational change.

In turbulent and uncertain environments, organizations increasingly rely on temporary structures to enhance their adaptability. This study investigates the role of task forces within the aerospace supply chain in developing the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities. Based on participant observation and interviews with supply chain actors, we identify how task forces, initially conceived as temporary crisis-response tools, evolve into adaptive mechanisms that foster responsiveness, collaboration, and strategic flexibility. Our findings highlight that while task forces can catalyze learning and coordination, their prolonged use may blur their temporary nature and shape emerging dynamic capabilities.

Today, the French healthcare system faces a dual challenge: an aging population and an increase in chronic diseases, which are putting pressure on a model historically centred on hospitals and curative care. Nonpharmacological strategies (NPS) are emerging as an innovative and necessary response, strengthening prevention, improving quality of life, and reducing medication consumption. Based on the biopsychosocial model, they encompass a variety of actions that require active patient participation and interprofessional coordination. Their integration into recent public policies illustrates a desire to promote more integrative and personalized healthcare. However, their growth must be accompanied by ethical and scientific safeguards to avoid abuses. NMSs are thus establishing themselves as essential levers of preventive and sustainable medicine, capable of addressing today’s major health and societal challenges.

The latitude and longitude geographic coordinates provided by Google Earth are affected by errors that suggest uncertainties in distance and route measurements. This study proposes improvement formulas to make geolocation data more accurate. In an approach that presents formulas for evaluating and improving uncertainties in distances produced by Google Earth, our results demonstrate that the uncertainties and errors in distances contained in measurements from Google Earth are tangible depending on the evaluation of short, long, or medium distances. The probability of errors in the coordinates provided by Google Earth is plus or minus (+/-) 2 meters. The distribution of errors as a function of distance shows that an error of +/- 3 m has only a 0.4% chance of being exceeded. This methodology takes into account the structure of the Earth’s globe: meridians, parallels, poles, the equator, hemispheres, and the Earth’s bumpy structure. These corrections help improve accuracy in applications that use geolocation as a means of optimizing services. Correcting errors from geographic coordinates using formulas that reduce errors would have an impact on geolocation in industries such as goods transportation, precision agriculture, and healthcare. While recognizing that geolocation offers significant benefits by transforming many fields, it raises some important questions regarding individual privacy.

This article presents the LOTUS tool, developed by the RASSCAS laboratory at ISEN Méditerranée, for assessing the social and environmental impacts of technological projects. LOTUS is a 3-hour workshop aimed at devising solutions to reduce these impacts. The tool is based on the work of Kate Raworth and the Stockholm Resilience Centre. Trials have shown that LOTUS has exceeded its initial objectives, making projects more acceptable and taking into account planetary limits and social needs. The tool is versatile and adaptable to different types of project. The results underline the importance of taking social and environmental impacts into account in technology projects. LOTUS represents a significant advance in the responsible and sustainable design of technologies, and opens up future development prospects for more regenerative design.

The issue of decarbonization officially entered political debates in the early 2000s. but science and technology do not evolve according to the same chronology. The issue of anthropogenic climate change was identified by scientists as early as the 19th century, when industrialization based on fossil energy began. The 20th century was marked both by the continuation of this trajectory in terms of industrialization based on technologies powered by fossil energy, and by the creation of international institutions (such as the COP, the IPCC) to limit CO2 emissions. To limit climate change and its economic, social and human consequences, the watchword is “decarbonization”, i.e. reducing carbon emissions. But the reality is far more complex.

Our study focuses on the French parliamentary debates on the “climate and resilience” bill, which intends to reduce the carbon footprint. It aims to describe and analyze the various symbolic devices, the ideological references mobilized by parliamentarians, and the arguments developed in relation to the government’s desire for decarbonization in the context of this bill, by focusing our study on the general discussion. The political right and the government majority structure their discourse around liberal thinking based on economic efficiency, decentralization and the acceptability of measures. The political far right is developing a nationalist conception of ecology based on ancestral localism. On the political left, we find a conception of ecology centered on the idea of social justice, although with variable geometry. Behind the unaminism in the face of the climate emergency, there are in fact significant differences in the conceptions of decarbonization of the different parliamentary groups.

The steel industry is one of the most polluting in the world. In France, ArcelorMittal Dunkerque is the major industrial unit in terms of CO2 emissions, and as such benefits from substantial public support. In 2022, the company has announced an important decarbonization program to manufacture green steel using various technologies (direct reduction unit, electric furnace, etc.). Between July 2023 and September 2024, we interviewed managers in charge of the decarbonization program and union representatives to find out their respective positions on this issue and analyze the role of trade unions and workers in these technological transformations. What emerged was a certain convergence of views between the two parties on this issue. However, the union organization considers that the place of workers is underestimated, that the investment decision is behind schedule and that the plant’s survival is at stake.

The transition to a low-carbon economy is one of the major challenges ahead for trade unions. This raises the question of identifying and analysing the different strategies of European trade unions with regard to decarbonisation, especially in the manufacturing and energy sectors. Based on interviews and document analyses, our research indicates that unions adopt three types of strategies towards decarbonisation in the investigated industries: (1) opposition to decarbonisation policies, (2) hedging strategies seeking to minimize and/or delay regulation or (3) proactive support for decarbonisation policies. These union strategies are mainly rooted in sectoral economic interests mediated by unions’ ideological identities and understandings of union democracy.