@ARTICLE{10.21494/ISTE.OP.2023.0909, 

TITLE={Hackers in science fiction, between heroic resistance and criminality}, 
  
AUTHOR={Thomas Michaud, }, 
	
JOURNAL={Technology and Innovation}, 
	
VOLUME={8}, 

NUMBER={Issue 1}, 
	
YEAR={2023}, 

URL={https://www.openscience.fr/Hackers-in-science-fiction-between-heroic-resistance-and-criminality}, 
	
DOI={10.21494/ISTE.OP.2023.0909}, 
	
ISSN={2399-8571}, 
	
ABSTRACT={Imaginary representations of hackers in science fiction have evolved since the 1960s. Cyberpunks have helped popularize the image of a rebellious, often anarchical, individual, who wields considerable technological power. In this article, a panorama of the most famous works featuring hackers is drawn up. Neuromancer, Snow Crash, Sword Art Online, The Matrix or Salvation are the most notable. The hacker character can either be a hero defending libertarian values, or a dangerous terrorist harmful to the human race. These representations have, in turn, had an influence on representations of cybercrime. They have influenced vocations among future computer scientists, as well as inspired the research of cybersecurity specialists. At the economic level, hackerspaces are based on a philosophy inspired by the digital anarchism of cyberpunks.}}